|
David Patrick Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir, GCVO, PC, QC (29 May 1900 – 27 January 1967), known as Sir David Maxwell Fyfe from 1942 to 1954 and as the Viscount Kilmuir from 1954 to 1962, was a British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge who combined an industrious and precocious legal career with political ambitions that took him to the offices of Solicitor General, Attorney General, Home Secretary and Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain One of the prosecutors at the Nuremberg Trials, he was instrumental in drafting the European Convention on Human Rights. However, he was also a controversial Home Secretary who refused clemency to commute Derek Bentley's highly controversial death sentence. His political ambitions were ultimately dashed in Harold Macmillan's cabinet reshuffle of July 1962. ==Early life== Born in Edinburgh, the only son of William Thomson Fyfe, Headmaster of Aberdeen Grammar School, by his second wife Isabella Campbell, daughter of David Campbell, of Dornoch, co. Sutherland,〔Cracroft's Peerage〕 he was educated at George Watson's College and Balliol College, Oxford, where, owing to his self-confessed interest in politics, he achieved only a third-class degree in Greats. He also took time out from education to serve in the Scots Guards in 1918-19, at the end of the World War I.〔Also stated in ''Burke's Peerage'' and ''Who Was Who'' but omitted from sketches in both the ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (1961-1970 Supplement) and the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''.〕 After graduation, he went on to work for the British Commonwealth Union as political secretary to Sir Patrick Hannon MP, studying law in his spare time. He entered Gray's Inn and was called to the bar in 1922. He became a pupil of George Lynskey in Liverpool then joined his chambers to practise.〔Dutton (2004).〕 Not pausing before beginning his political career in earnest, he stood for Wigan in 1924, a parliamentary seat unwinnable for the Conservatives. Undeterred, he cultivated the more winnable Spen Valley until 1929 when the party resolved not to oppose sitting Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Simon while he was absent on the Simon Commission in India. Maxwell Fyfe was finally elected to parliament in Liverpool West Derby in a by-election in July 1935.〔 Meanwhile, Maxwell Fyfe's legal career had prospered, largely through his capacity for hard work. In 1934 he had become King's Counsel,〔 the youngest in 250 years. He was Recorder of Oldham from 1936 to 1942.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|